Eij gjl n e p a v t



To "all whom may concern;

, EU ENcravr, r-Aais, FRANCE.

\ I i Zette'rs'PatentNt104,638, rlatezZJune21,1870. 1

{MPROFVABMENT inane-MAN FACTURE 0P USEFUL AND- ORNAM BNTAL FABRICS momVEGEmfABt-EAND Amt/1A1. FIBERS.

' i *I'hefihedule retail-mite in'these Letters Pate ntsnd making part orthe saute.

Be it known that I, Eocene raw, of Paris, in the Empire 01 France, haveinvented hnprovements in Treat ng and Preparing certain Vegetable andAnimal Fibers, t0= manuiaetu-re anew description of fabric or. stufi',applicable to various usefpl and decorative purposes; and I do herebydeclare that the following a full'and exact description thereof.

My inventiourelates toaecrtaili processes or modes treating andpreparing certain vegetable and ani-. malfibeis, in order to producepulp, andto. manufactitre fromthis' pulp a felted paper fabric or stuff,,ap pheable to various useful and decorative purposes.

Theweg'etable matters which I prefer to employ ,are, plants-wot thenettle, .corchorus, musa, or plantam tribcs,the barks of the mulberrytree, and others, v crotolarias', liihiscii, malvacious plants, orplants of the mallowtribe, asclcpiades, yereum calatropsis, daphnecannabina, broussonctia papyrifera, saccharine plants, fiaxcs,-hcmps,cottons, and, in general, all indigenous or exotic plants, possessing asniiicicntl y felty texture, to be en'iployedfcithcr alone ;or mixedwith others, in

the mannfiicture of felted-paper fabric or stufi;

' i The animal matters which Iemploy arc, woo], silk,

.hullspizzlcs, skins, andothers'.

I also employ mineral matters, viz: powdered gold, s1lrcr,xm1ca,orothers, capable, of producing, for certanrpurposcs, brilliant,sparklingeffects, such as are seen on japanncd papers. When the matters of whichI compose niy' felted stuff are, too long, lj cntor divide them, inorder to facilitate their lixiviation orlyc-washing, but this operationcan be dispcn'scdwith, when desired. The lexiviation orlyc-washingcan beaccomplished in two manne1s,'according to'theniattcrs operated upon, orthe i ftimc. at disposal, .When the niatters disintegrate easily, suchas. plants the nettle tribe, flaxes,'lien1ps,

cottons,*and barks of the -nnllberryl gcmi's, I wash 3 them. simply withmilk of lime, or, preferably, with I caustic 'alkali, at 2 or 3Banm,aud, as nearly as possible, nndcra pressure of steam, oil fromthreet'o' ibnratmosphercs, for about three hours. They are then -washedin passing through the washing-trough, until the parts are reduced toalength of from one-twelfth to {one-fifth of an inch; they are. thenbleached lathe bleaching-trough, by any of thc processes used for"bleaching rags-.4

When matters which are hard and not easily disintegrate'd are tobefoperated -upon, such as plants. f jtbe tuusa or plantaingenns,corchorus, hibiscii, crotolarias, certain narks, daphne caunabina,waste stalks of il'aatand'hemp, Isubmit them, in a close vessel, to apressure'ot' steam of from six to eight atmospheres,

for about four hours, employing, preferably, a solugallons of causticalkali, at about 4 Baume.

tion of caustic soda, at abont'ii to 8 Lannie, when the matters becomesuificicntly disintegrated, and are ready for bleaching immediately.

This-mode having the disadvantage of somewhat affecting the strength ofthe fibers, l prefer the. system of washing in milk of lime, or weakalkali, as in pperating with ordinary rags but, as this mode only halfdisintegratesthc matters, it is impossible to procccd directly to thebleaching process, and ltheretin'e proceed as follows:

The matters are submitted to the action of gaseous chlorine, as is thecustom with rags. The matters, instead of becoming bleached directly,assume a bright yellowred'color. In this state they are subjected to thewashing and bleaching-troughs, and, after a thorough wasliing,,I pourinto the trough, for two'hundred weight of pulp, about two and one-halfto iive This second washing or lye, which may be either warm or cold,rapidly causes the most perfect disintegration or all the inter-cellularbodies of thevegetable matters,

and the operation is so complete that the waters rap idly change from awhite to a black tinge.

I finish by. a thorough washing, and by pouring .into the trough, whenthe water has again become clear, about one-fourth of a pint ofsulphuric acid.

The cellulose or cellular matter being nowpurc,

for about two hundred weight of pulp, from three to six pails ofchloride of lime, orcfsoda, of about 4 Beaum, are poured into thetrough, and, when it is nearly white, it is washed'a little, and abouttwo pounds-of crystalsof soda, and alike quantity of sulphate ofalumina, previously;dissolved, are added 'to'the trough. lhe bleachingis terminated by pouring into the trough one-fourth of a pint ofsulphuric acid. Thematter is washed for a moment, and there is obtained,in this manner, a most beautiful white;

I employ the same bleacbing'process after the two first modes oflye-washing before washing.

I should mention, liere,'another method of bleach- 'ing the matters, thelixivia-tion of which is'not coniplctc, or the bleaching of whiclrcanonly be produced by the action of hydrochloiicaoid gas.

This is an operation which, however pcrfeotin prim clple, is,nevertheless, rathcreostly. "After a wasla ing, either in milk of limeor alkali, when the matters will not bleach in the. ordinary processesor in chloride of lime at 4?, and when, after having thrown into thepulp halt a pintgof sulphuric acid, the .matter'is not of a satisfactorywhiteness, I wash it immediately, and 1 pour into the trough from; twoand one-halt to five gallonsot'. caustic soda, in order to efiect the decomposition-of the gummy resinous matters which prevent the bleaching,and, when the liquid of, the

' operations.

' I bath has bccomcblack, I wash again and recommence the bleaching, .asbefore described.

As isevident, the last process is intended to effect the bleaching inthe troughs of the more strongly-resisting matters by means of anartificial action of gas, which permits the alkali to act with almost asmuch efficaciousncss as by the action of gas in the close chamher, andto make up for any ill success of lye-washing The-employment of thechemical matters indicated is nothing new; what is new is what I callthe'second washing in caustic alkali, after the treatment with gaseouschlorine. For this operation, so simple in appearance, will permit,henceforth, of the extraction of pure cellulose matters from allvegetable-materials, and even from all those which industrial sciencehas hitherto considered as impractible, and it is by the aid of theseprocesses that I have been able to make, with the most commonsubstances, such as jute orcorchoru's, waste of flax orhemp, and aliother matters thrown aside, felted fabrics or tissues, having alldesirable -strength and elasticity, to replace other fabrics in agreat-number of uses.

Ldiainl'egrate bulls pizzles and skins with milk'of lime, and l bleachthem with sulphur vapors, as also wool and silk.

The matters of whielrl compose my felts are reduced or trituratedby-lieating-engines or by grindstones,

pestles, mallets, or otherwise, care being takenthat the filaments, inseparating, be kept to a length ofii'om one-twentieth to one-fifth of aninch at least, in order that very strong 'felts may be obtained, whetherby means of vegetable matters, separately or mixed, or animal matters,according to the solidity, "the consistence, the pliancy, elasticity,and silkiness I desire to obtain, and the application I desire to. make.

Thus for my best qualities of felts'for clothing, furniture, andtable-cloths, I, preferably, use China grass, mulberry, plantain, andcorchorus, to give silky effeet-s to the felted fabric, and' I use hemp,flax, cotton, and a greatmany other matters, to imitate cotton, linen,and hempen stufl's.

For the 'most part, I dye or color the felts in the troughs, and sizeand render, them non-inflammable .there, also, when desirable, and I'use the ordinary .pro'cesses. When I desire toobt'ain very supple felt,I pour into the, finishing-trouglnfor two hundred pounds of pulp, about.two to six pounds of white palm soap, or any other soap, before thedescent of the pulp in the vessel. V

The pulp, in this state, com'posedof animal or vegetable matters, oragnixture of both, is converted into paper or felt, either by means of apaper-machine, by hand apparatus, or by the processes employed inordinary felting. I.

I proceed, now, to describe more fully the different applications of myfclt fabrics.

My object in manufacturing these fabrics is to dispense with spinningand weaving, in some applica-- tions, where this work is notindispensable, and to add, in all cases, to that which exists already, anew natural product, to occupy a place in substitution for ordinaryfabrics and'colored papers. Thus I applythese felts to the production ofdresses, pettieoats, mantles,- table-linen, linen-drapery, hats,bonnets, caps, shoes, curtains,hangings, tapestry, blinds,furniturecoverings, table-covers, carpets, linings, substitutes cationsabove mentioned, are white, tinted, colored,

or printed, in any shade and design. They are smooth, velvety, embossed,in order to imitate lace ,guipure, gofi'er, and filigree-work, in suchmanner as to produce the efi'ects of embroidered, embossed, Damascened,and v'clvcted fabrics.

The linings of the dresses, petticoats, and curtains,

,are, preferably, made of felted fabric, but they can I be lined withtarlatan, muslin, or light calico, or, in

the same manner, theoriginalfabric can be used in the production of thefabric, and, also, the felted fanrics may predominate, and, forthrnitnre-covers,i1 r

example, it would be necessary to strengthen them by lining.

The felt fabrics are stitched or pasted. In their use as hangings ortapestry in replacing colored paper, I have the object of preventing,for the most part, theuse of paste by nailing-or hanging like stufi's,so that the hanging isall one piece,'curtain, wall-hanging,table-covers, furniture-covers, and carpet all being a perfect match. Iobtain imitations of leather and parchment by causing the felt fabricsto imbibe siccat-ive oils, such as tar, linseed, isinglass, Indiarubber, naphtha, -or varnishes, or acids. The felts are manufactured ofdifferent thicknesses. They are printed with oil in all shades anddesigns. They: are punched or stamped in imitation of eordovan leather,moroccos, mole-skins, oil-cloths, and 'parchmcnts, and they fulfil allthe uses of those products. I also. make impermeable blinds with them,perforated with holes, so that one can see from within without beingseen from without, and which allow the air to penetrate.

They can be painted or printed in all colors or designs. w

I can also make bags, to preserve fruit, and carpets, with oilpaintings. Felt fabrics, whether of animal .or vegetable matters, answerequally well for small'or large cartridges, leather bottles, calking ofships, and other purposes.

The felt composed of bulls pizzles is prepared as the vegetable matters,as to the trit-uration and fabri cation; they are unbleached, white, orof all shades,

in imitation of parchment, morocco, asses skins, and

constitute an application, entirely naw, of this matter,'to clothing,furniture, and book-binding. Powdered gold,

silver, or mica are employed, mixed with the pulp in the troughs.

What I claim as new, and desire to-secure by Let ters Patent, is I 1. Afelted fabric, produced from animal or vegetablefibers, (eitheror bothcombined,) said fibers having been treated and prepares} substantiallyin the manner herein set forth. 12. Submitting the fiber to what I havecalled the second washing, in caustic alkali, after having treated thesame with gaseous chlorine, substantially as described.

- EUGENE PAVY.

' Witnesses:

H: Bosnnvnmn, F. OLC'OTT.

